太阳能常见问题问答
solar faq
q: how solar cells/modules convert sunlight into a useable energy source?
太阳能电池片是怎样将太阳光变成可用的电能的？
a: sunlight delivers packets of energy called ‘photons’. there are more photons delivered in 1 hour than the earth could use in an entire year. solar cells are made mostly of the abundant element silicon and have a positive and negative layer. when photons hit a solar cell, they are absorbed by the silicon and electrons are released. the electrons flow along the metal contact at the bottom of the cell and for electricity. solar cells are combined into modules to produce greater quantities of electricity.
太阳光提供大量的能量称为“光子”，每小时里所产生的光子比地球一年要用的还多。太阳能电池片大部分是由大量的硅元素制成，有正极和负极面。当光子撞击到太阳能电池片时，会被硅所吸收，并且释放电子。电子在电池片的底部沿着栅线走动变成电流。电池片组合起来变成组件，产生更多的电能。
q:what does energy conversion efficiency mean?
能量转换效率的含义是什么？
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a: |
energy conversion efficiency is an expression of the amount of energy produced in proportion to the amount of energy consumed, or available to a device. the sun produces a lot of energy in a wide light spectrum, but we have so far learned to capture only small portions of that spectrum for conversion to electricity using photovoltaics. today's commercial pv systems are about 7% to 17% efficient. by comparison, a typical fossil fuel generator has an efficiency of about 28%. however, some experimental pv cells now convert nearly 40% of the energy in sunlight to electricity. |
能量的转换效率表示能量的转换产生量与能量的消耗量或设备可用能量的比值。太阳以很广阔的光谱发出很多能量，但我们目前只能依靠光伏技术来获取这些光谱中很小一部分的能量。现在，商用光伏系统的转换效率在 7% 到 17% 之间。与之比较，一个典型的化石燃料发电器的效率在 28% 左右。然而在实验室条件下，一些光伏电池可将太阳光中所含能量的近 40% 转换为电能。
q:what does photovoltaic (pv) mean?
光伏发电 (pv) 的含义是什么？
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a: |
the word 'photovoltaic' essentially means electricity from the energy of sunlight. first used in about 1890, the word has two parts: photo, derived from the greek 'phos' meaning light, and volt, a unit of measurement named for alessandro volta (1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity. |
光伏 (photovoltaic) 的本质含义是从太阳光的能量中获得电能。这个词最早应用于 1890 年，分为两个部分：“photo”，是从希腊语中代表光的词“phos”而来；“volt”，是由以研究电力的先驱亚历山德罗·瓦特 (1745-1827) 命名的电压度量单位而来。
q:what are the components of a pv system?
光伏系统由哪些部分组成？
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a: |
a pv system is made up of several different components. these include groups of pv cells called 'modules' (also known as 'panels'); one or more batteries; a charge regulator or controller for a stand-alone system; an inverter for a utility-grid-connected system or when alternating current (ac) rather than direct current (dc) is required; wiring; and mounting hardware or a framework. |
一个光伏系统由许多不同的部分组成。其中包括多组称为“组件”（也称为“面板”）的光伏电池；一个或多个蓄电池；对于独立系统需要一个充电器或控制器；对于并网系统或需要将直流电 (dc) 转化为交流电 (ac) 时，需要一个逆变器、导线、五金件及机箱等。
q:where are pv systems being used?
光伏系统可以运用在哪些领域？
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pv systems are generating clean power in a whole host of applications right across the world - from urban skyscrapers to remote villages in developing countries. pv electricity can be used to power all manner of household appliances, computing and communications equipment, water pumping and lighting. cost-effective examples of lighting powered by pv include small garden lights, street lights, lighting for recreational areas, highway signs, warning signs and signals, and lighting for businesses and homes. virtually any power need can be met with pv. |
光伏系统在全世界为各个应用领域提供清洁能源。从市区的摩天大楼到发展中国家或地区的偏远村庄。光伏发电可为各种家用电器提供电力，包括计算机及通信设备、水泵和照明。应用光伏电力以节约成本的例子包括：小型草坪灯、路灯、娱乐场所灯光、高速公路信号灯、警示灯及各种商用和家用的照明。事实上，光伏系统可为任何领域供电。