推送:0010-03166 002省市县区域/直送2063全+境+派+送
在互联互通的世界里,可称之为重大技术创新的,大部分是在强烈的社会民生需求推动下实现的原创性突破。工业互联网技术进一步发展,应更自觉地与社会民生需求相契合,以此获得更大的飞跃。
工信部日前发布的指数显示,我国工业互联网平台发展水平全面提高,呈现出平台供给牵引需求、产业链上下游互联互通、沿海地区辐射内陆的态势,工业互联网赋能制造业不断转型升级。去年,工业互联网平台发展指数较上年增长17.23%,连续4年保持15%以上增幅。当前,我国工业互联网发展呈现产业规模大、行业领域多、体系结构全等特点,发展前景良好。
谈起工业互联网,既需关注“工业”,也应强调“互联网”,二者缺一不可。过去,人们习惯以“社会化大生产”来界定工业革命以来的近现代生产方式,即表现为普遍分工和大规模制造。社会化大生产的标志性技术通常包括两类:一类是边际性新技术发明,及其所产生的不断扩散的工业赋能现象,例如蒸汽机、机床、汽车等;另一类是整体性新技术发明,及其导致的普遍性工业赋能现象。前者的推广路径特征是点状扩散,若干经济主体率先发明,继而逐步由越来越多的生产单位模仿使用。后者的特征是全面采用普及,新技术一旦发明,很快在整个工业生产领域广泛使用,电力和电网就属于此类。电的技术发明后,几乎所有的工业生产活动都需要电力及电网支持。工业技术越先进,就越依赖电;生产出半导体芯片后,大的资源消耗就是电能。如果离开电网,绝大多数工业生产活动都难以为继。
如今,可以与电相类比的是互联网。互联网技术在生产领域的运用主要是工业互联网,在生活领域的运用是基于互联网的智能手机。互联网技术的使用不是边际性而是整体性的。在社会生产和社会生活中,离开互联网几乎“寸步难行”,扫码支付等诸多公共设施都无法使用。这是人类生产和生活中一次更高水平更高质量的社会化现象。在这样的社会化大生产中,断网如同断电,人们无法正常生活和生产。
可见,与边际性新技术不同,整体性新技术具有显著的基础设施性质,即一旦发明和使用,就成为一种公共性设施。互联网技术从早先开始就是作为“公共品”来运用的。无论哪类生产主体,也不论哪类人群,都离不开互联网,离不开以互联网技术为基础的智能手机。互联网技术不仅可以边际性地赋能各类技术创新,提高效率,促进结构升级,还可以整体性地提升社会化生产和社会交往的内在质量。高质量发展在很大程度上是以互联网的信息技术为关键支撑,新型工业化则是以互联网及以互联网为基础的人工智能技术等为标志,如第二次工业革命以电的使用为其技术标志那般。
当下,工业互联网提升了社会生产和社会交往的内在质量,有助于推进高质量发展,主要表现为新型工业化的形态变革。不论是经济主体的组织形态,还是经济行为的规则体系都发生了不小变化。经济活动的社会性沟通、连接、适应、包容等,也需要互联网技术的有力支撑。例如,工业经济的运行和发展在复杂的产业链、供应链、技术结构、资源环境中实现,工业互联网不仅发挥技术赋能作用,而且发挥维护规则秩序的基础作用。经济行为的畅通与安全要有规则保障,互联网技术自身的高效和安全是其有效发挥社会性功能的必然要求。
基于此,工业互联网技术和生活互联网技术是相互深度联通的,领域间也是重叠的。强大的工业互联网平台,使生产、生活、创新、就业等各种经济技术行为交相融汇。由互联网促进畅通并“连成一体”的世界,与以往的微观市场格局相比差异巨大。不论是生产行为还是生活行为,抑或技术创新,都有更自觉的社会与民生需求。实际上,在互联互通的世界里,可称之为重大技术创新的,大部分都是在强烈的社会与民生需求推动下实现的原创性突破,比如个人电脑、互联网、人工智能、ChatGPT、太空技术等。因此,工业互联网技术的进一步发展,应更自觉地与社会民生需求相契合,更好地赋能千行百业,才能获得更大的飞跃与进步。
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